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Comment externaliser le développement d’applications et en avoir pour son argent ? - Smartbrain Blog Comment externaliser le développement d’applications et en avoir pour son argent ?
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L’externalisation informatique permet aux entreprises de faire appel à une organisation extérieure pour exécuter des fonctions informatiques secondaires à moindre coût et en moins de temps. Ce processus est devenu très populaire ces dernières années : en 2016, 72 % des entreprises dans le monde ont externalisé une partie de leurs opérations informatiques. En 2020, en raison du coronavirus, ce chiffre est passé à 93 %. L’année dernière, le marché de l’externalisation a atteint un chiffre d’affaires de 92,5 milliards de dollars. Aujourd’hui, il dépasse les 110 milliards de dollars. Et ce chiffre continue de croître De même, l’externalisation du développement d’applications a été très populaire ces dernières années. Le secteur est en plein essor. Même de grandes entreprises disposant de milliers d’employés talentueux, comme Blizzard, confient leurs applications mobiles à des tiers (voir : NetEase et Diablo Immortal). Cette pratique n’est pas considérée comme un tabou, mais plutôt comme une sage décision commerciale. La plupart des applications figurant dans le top 100 de l’App Store et de Google Play sont désormais externalisées d’une manière ou d’une autre
Quels sont les avantages de l’externalisation du développement d’applications mobiles ? Le principal avantage est l’économie d’argent. Le développement d’applications mobiles aux États-Unis peut être très coûteux : embaucher des travailleurs, payer leurs impôts, louer des bureaux, constituer une nouvelle équipe. Il faut parfois engager des consultants, des comptables, des responsables des ressources humaines, du personnel de nettoyage, etc. Le processus peut prendre des mois, voire des années, et tout ce que vous faites, c’est perdre de l’argent, sans aucun gain en vue. En revanche, faire appel à un tiers spécialisé dans l’externalisation d’applications mobiles permet aux entreprises de constituer rapidement une équipe solide et d’accélérer le processus de mise sur le marché d’un produit fini. En outre, vous perdez beaucoup moins d’argent, car les entreprises qui externalisent le développement d’applications recrutent généralement les meilleurs travailleurs dans des pays où le salaire moyen est assez bas Parmi les autres avantages, citons la réduction des coûts d’exploitation libérer les développeurs internes une meilleure concentration sur le reste de l’entreprise (vous pouvez facilement externaliser des projets qui sont secondaires par rapport à l’activité principale) l’accès aux meilleurs talents mondiaux, sans se limiter aux développeurs basés dans son pays ou sa région accélérer considérablement le développement des applications la constitution d’une équipe techniquement forte en un minimum de temps (les grands experts dans leur domaine ne sont généralement pas disponibles sur le marché libre, mais les sociétés d’externalisation compétentes disposent généralement d’un certain nombre de personnes ayant l’expérience requise) flexibilité en termes d’approches et de modèles : chez Smartbrain.io, par exemple, nous avons des employés issus d’une myriade d’horizons ; quelle que soit votre vision du projet, il y a des gens qui savent comment la mener à bien et qui ont déjà travaillé sur le développement de quelque chose de similaire le transfert des risques à la société d’externalisation (la paperasserie, les ressources humaines, le respect des délais des projets et la satisfaction des employés sont désormais leurs problèmes) la possibilité de démarrer et de terminer des projets sans tracas supplémentaires le meilleur rapport qualité/prix
D’accord, tout cela semble bien sur le papier, mais comment mettre en place votre application mobile ? Disons que vous avez une idée, quelque chose qui vous rapportera de l’argent ou qui apportera une grande valeur à vos autres produits. Combien la création d’une application vous coûtera-t-elle ? Que devez-vous faire pour que l’application soit réellement construite ?
Comment externaliser le développement d’une application mobile en 7 étapes faciles Voici quelques conseils clés pour trouver d’excellentes sociétés d’externalisation pour vos projets de développement d’applications iPhone ou Android
1 : Déterminez les besoins de votre application Avant même de commencer à chercher une société informatique à laquelle confier le développement de votre application mobile, déterminez ce dont vous avez réellement besoin. Que doit contenir votre application et quelles sont ses principales caractéristiques ? Quel serait le MVP (produit minimum viable) ? Il n’y a vraiment aucune raison d’aller plus loin sans connaître les réponses à ces questions fondamentales Sur quelle plateforme votre application doit-elle être installée ? iOS, Android ? Votre application doit-elle être géolocalisée ? Souhaitez-vous que votre application soit dotée de fonctions de connexion ? Quel sera votre modèle de paiement : achats in-app, ajouts, abonnements ? Souhaitez-vous développer une version gratuite et une version premium supplémentaire de votre produit, afin de le monétiser de cette manière ? Aurez-vous besoin d’une intégration avec les médias sociaux (et lesquels : Facebook, Pinterest, Twitter, LinkedIn, Reddit…) ? Y aura-t-il des passerelles de paiement ? Une société d’externalisation de qualité posera toujours toutes ces questions, alors pourquoi ne pas préparer des réponses à l’avance ? Vous aurez ainsi l’air plus professionnel, vous réduirez le temps nécessaire pour trouver l’équipe de développement idéale et, d’une manière générale, vous aurez une meilleure idée de votre projet Une fois l’idée de l’application arrêtée, il est temps de trouver les partenaires idéaux pour ce travail
2 : Trouver une société d’externalisation expérimentée dans le domaine du développement d’applications Vous pouvez rechercher la bonne entreprise en fonction du type d’application dont vous avez besoin. Concentrez-vous sur les entreprises dont les développeurs ont de l’expérience dans ce domaine. Par exemple, si vous pensez vouloir une application iOS, vous aurez absolument besoin de développeurs ayant au moins 3 à 5 ans d’expérience dans ce domaine. Il en va de même pour Android ou Hybrid Votre entreprise est-elle présentable ? A-t-elle au moins son propre site web, a-t-elle un nom dans le secteur, est-elle sûre ? Il est facile de trouver des travailleurs à distance prêts à travailler sur Upwork, Fiverr ou Freelancer.com, mais seront-ils suffisamment expérimentés ? D’après notre expérience, un bon développement d’application nécessite une équipe dédiée et un responsable. À moins que vous ne souhaitiez une application buggée, avec des semaines ou des mois de retard, vous devez choisir une entreprise solide, capable de mener à bien votre projet en toute transparence. En général, cela vous permettra d’économiser de l’argent à long terme (à moins que vous ne fassiez appel à un sous-traitant des Pays-Bas, du Royaume-Uni, des États-Unis, de Norvège, etc.) Certaines entreprises sont douées pour la création d’applications, d’autres non. Celles qui sont bonnes ont généralement une certaine expérience dans le domaine. De préférence, elles ont au moins 5 à 10 ans d’expérience et quelques applications réussies à leur actif. Si vous avez du mal à choisir entre une entreprise expérimentée et une entreprise qui ne fait que du développement d’applications, optez pour la première. Des processus commerciaux établis et des employés compétents vous seront utiles. Une bonne application nécessite non seulement des ingénieurs informatiques, mais aussi des concepteurs UI/UX, des spécialistes du marketing, des artistes et des spécialistes de l’assurance qualité. Il est utile de s’aligner sur une entreprise qui peut vous fournir tout ce dont vous pourriez avoir besoin à l’avenir
3 : Organiser un entretien avec le candidat potentiel Vous devez connaître votre développeur ou votre équipe avant de commencer à travailler sur votre projet. Chaque entreprise a sa propre façon de procéder, mais en général, vous devriez avoir un entretien avec le directeur de l’entreprise ou le PDG sur la façon dont vous envisagez le développement de votre projet. Communiquez avec eux, de préférence, en vocal ou en DM. Les courriels prennent trop de temps et vous n’avez pas vraiment l’impression d’être en contact avec une personne. La meilleure solution est souvent la vidéoconférence. Elle permet de faire rapidement connaissance avec la personne à l’autre bout du fil L’organisation d’un entretien est simple : il suffit d’utiliser les contacts fournis sur le site web de l’entreprise. Vous pouvez le faire par courriel ou par téléphone. Réalisez un court entretien sur Zoom ou Skype. Interrogez les développeurs/gestionnaires sur leurs travaux antérieurs dans votre domaine. Ensuite, ayez un entretien personnel et apprenez à connaître leur caractère. Serez-vous à l’aise pour parler souvent avec ces personnes au cours des semaines/mois à venir ? Avez-vous l’impression de leur faire confiance pour donner vie à votre vision ? Les développeurs doivent être engageants et réactifs. Ils doivent poser beaucoup de questions, être compétents et toujours à l’heure. Après tout, s’ils ne sont pas en mesure d’avoir une conversation brève avec vous, comment voulez-vous qu’ils soient à l’heure lorsqu’ils essaieront de livrer un produit de qualité ? Une fois que vous aurez trouvé une société de développement d’applications externalisées capable et digne de confiance, vous pourrez commencer à discuter des détails de votre accord
4 : Négocier l’accord Lorsque vous avez trouvé un développeur digne de ce nom, il est temps de négocier le prix. En général, le prix dépend de la complexité du projet (= investissement en temps) et du taux horaire du développeur. Les tarifs dépendent du pays d’origine du développeur et de son expertise Lorsque vous externalisez le développement d’une application, il arrive que l’entreprise demande un prix plus élevé que celui auquel vous vous attendiez au départ. Ne l’écartez pas d’emblée. Le plus souvent, le prix est dû à l’expérience : de nombreuses personnes étaient auparavant prêtes à payer ce prix. Il se peut qu’ils valent le prix qu’ils demandent. Quoi qu’il en soit, il n’est jamais inutile de négocier un peu. Mais concentrez-vous surtout sur leur engagement et leur capacité à fournir un produit. Ne les mettez pas en mauvais termes avec vous, ne devenez pas “ce client”. Vous pourriez encore travailler avec eux à l’avenir, et il est toujours important de maintenir des relations saines Si vous voulez que le développement de votre application soit moins cher, privilégiez les sociétés d’externalisation situées dans des pays où les salaires sont moins élevés. La qualité des employés n’y est pas nécessairement moins bonne (en fait, c’est souvent le contraire : ils sont plus engagés, plus motivés et plus disposés à négocier)
5. Demandez un plan de projet Il est impossible d’externaliser correctement le développement d’une application sans disposer d’un plan d’ensemble : à quoi doit ressembler votre projet et quand pouvez-vous vous attendre à ce que chacune de ses fonctionnalités soit livrée. Si vous n’établissez pas ce plan vous-même, demandez-le aux développeurs. Définissez une série de tâches spécifiques qui doivent être accomplies avant de passer à la tâche suivante. Vous pouvez modifier votre plan à tout moment (de préférence avant le début du développement du projet)
6 : Établir des jalons et contrôler le travail Une fois que les deux parties sont satisfaites de l’accord et que vous disposez d’un plan que vous pouvez suivre, vous devez établir un calendrier du projet (ou, encore une fois, demander aux développeurs d’en établir un pour vous). Ce calendrier doit être divisé en plusieurs parties – les étapes que l’entreprise d’externalisation doit franchir à un moment donné. Cela vous permettra de contrôler la progression de votre produit. Vous serez en mesure de voir s’il déraille ou s’il avance à un rythme négocié à l’avance Les dates doivent être fixes : cela permettra un développement plus harmonieux. Ces jours-là, vous devez prendre contact avec les développeurs et obtenir une répartition du projet. Testez les modules, les éléments de conception et les fonctionnalités terminés. Ne vous occupez pas de chaque détail tous les jours, car cela pourrait nuire à l’efficacité de l’équipe externalisée. Mais confirmez calmement la qualité du travail et le respect des délais. Si les objectifs ne sont pas atteints, il doit y avoir des pénalités, mais si tout se passe bien – idéalement, il doit y avoir des récompenses
7 : Test et lancement de l’application Recevez et testez votre application mobile entièrement fonctionnelle. De préférence, avec quelques personnes de confiance, chacune sur son propre appareil mobile. Vérifiez toutes les fonctionnalités, appuyez sur tous les boutons. Demandez à vos développeurs externes de passer en revue tous les résultats des tests. Ils devraient éliminer tous les bogues ou petits problèmes, et vous serez prêt pour la sortie de l’application. Par la suite, en fonction de l’accord, la société d’externalisation pourra continuer à assurer le support de l’application, à publier de nouvelles mises à jour ou à résoudre les problèmes rencontrés par les utilisateurs. Cela ne devrait pas nécessiter trop d’investissements supplémentaires et, après tout, votre application est sortie et (avec un peu de chance) est maintenant prête à s’autofinancer !
Combien coûtera le développement d’une application ? Il est impératif de connaître une fourchette de prix réaliste pour le type d’application que vous souhaitez créer. Votre application est votre investissement et vous devez connaître le retour sur investissement dont vous aurez besoin. Le coût de l’externalisation d’une application dépend de quelques facteurs clés le pays des développeurs le type d’application dont vous avez besoin le temps de développement les fonctionnalités incluses l’assistance post-production En outre, vous devez prendre en compte le développement du back-end (crucial pour certaines applications mobiles) les coûts de sécurité l’architecture les coûts de conception les tests et l’assurance qualité Selon les études, l’externalisation permet de réduire les coûts de développement des applications de 70 à 75 %. Aux États-Unis, le développement d’une application peut coûter entre 180 et 300 000 dollars. Si vous externalisez, les prix de développement d’applications se situent généralement entre 15 000 et 100 000 dollars Si vous tenez compte de la portée et de la complexité, une petite application simple peut nécessiter entre 15 000 et 50 000 dollars, tandis qu’un projet complexe coûtera plutôt entre 50 000 et 80 000 dollars. La création de certaines applications peut nécessiter 100 000 à 200 000 dollars, même si leur développement est externalisé. Mais cela signifie que si vous les aviez développées en interne aux États-Unis, il vous aurait fallu près d’un million de dollars Examinons quelques types d’applications mobiles courantes et le coût moyen de leur développement Application pour les courtiers immobiliers – 12 000 à 15 000 dollars Application sociale, réseau – 25 000 dollars Application de messagerie complexe (Whatsapp, Telegram ou Facebook Messenger) – 50 000 à 130 000 dollars Application de rencontre (Tinder, Badoo) – 80 000 à 180 000 dollars Application bancaire – 50 000 à 70 000 dollars (il est très important de doubler la sécurité) Application de service de paiement – 40 000 à 60 000 dollars Guide de la ville – 25 000 à 50 000 dollars Réservation de taxi (Lyft, Uber) – 25 000 à 100 000 dollars Au final, l’externalisation d’une application est souvent moins coûteuse que l’achat d’une voiture décente. La valeur d’une voiture ne diminue généralement qu’avec le temps, alors qu’une excellente application peut vous rendre riche, ou tout au moins vous procurer des revenus passifs La fourchette de prix varie considérablement, mais elle dépend principalement du nombre de fonctionnalités et de la zone géographique de l’entreprise à laquelle vous souhaitez confier le développement de votre application mobile. En termes de rapport qualité/prix, les meilleurs développeurs sont généralement situés en Europe de l’Est, en Russie et en Ukraine. Toutefois, certaines entreprises choisissent de sous-traiter dans d’autres régions, notamment en Inde, en Australie et au Royaume-Uni En général, coût du projet = temps de travail des développeurs ∙ salaire horaire des développeurs Voici le taux horaire moyen d’un ingénieur logiciel pour les développeurs mobiles (iOS/Android) dans chaque région Amérique du Nord – 150 Australie – 100 ROYAUME-UNI, UE – 70 Amérique du Sud – 50 Europe de l’Est – 35 Inde, Asie – 20 $
Facebook a d’abord été un site web qui permettait aux utilisateurs d’ajouter leur photo et leur biographie sur une simple page. Airbnb était une application où trois propriétaires louaient leurs propres appartements. Yahoo ! était une page web contenant une liste de liens vers les plus grands sites de l’époque. Instagram (qui s’appelait autrefois Burbn) a fait un flop retentissant, avec moins de quelques centaines d’utilisateurs enregistrés, mais s’est recentré sur le partage de photos avec des filtres et a été vendu à Facebook pour 1 milliard de dollars en deux ans Il n’est pas nécessaire d’être le plus grand acteur ni d’avoir l’application la plus chère pour connaître le succès. Tout ce dont vous avez besoin, c’est d’une bonne stratégie et d’un produit fonctionnel, capable de s’adapter, de se développer et d’apporter de la valeur aux gens. Même une application aussi simple que Flappy Bird au Viêt Nam peut connaître un énorme succès et une grande influence, rapportant plus de 50 000 dollars par jour. Il n’y a aucune raison pour que votre application ne soit pas aussi populaire. Tout dépend de l’idée et du marketing (viral ou autre) Par ailleurs, le coût de l’externalisation du développement d’applications mobiles est si bas que nous recevons parfois des clients qui souhaitent simplement créer une application pour offrir un cadeau amusant à leurs proches. Parfois, ces projets deviennent même assez populaires et rapportent à leurs créateurs quelques milliers de dollars par semaine Développer une application n’est pas aussi difficile qu’on veut bien le dire. Prenez contact avec une société d’externalisation digne de confiance et commencez à discuter de projets potentiels – c’est gratuit.
Irina Pakhomova
CMO at Smartbrain.io email: pakhomova@smartbrain.io facebook.com/smartbrain.io
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