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Dans le monde en constante évolution du développement web, chaque nouvelle version d’un framework est accueillie avec une combinaison d’anticipation et de curiosité. Angular, l’un des piliers de la création d’applications web modernes, ne fait pas exception à cette règle. Avec l’arrivée d’Angular 12, les développeurs du monde entier se tiennent prêts à plonger dans un océan de nouveautés, promettant d’optimiser leurs flux de travail et d’enrichir l’expérience utilisateur. Cet article vous invite à explorer les horizons de cette dernière itération, en détaillant les fonctionnalités inédites qui marquent le pas vers une ère de développement plus intuitive et performante. Préparez-vous à découvrir comment Angular 12 façonne l’avenir du développement front-end, en alliant innovation et améliorations, pour une synergie parfaite entre efficacité et créativité.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Découverte des nouveautés d’Angular 12 Avec l’arrivée d’Angular 12, les développeurs du monde entier peuvent se réjouir des améliorations significatives et des fonctionnalités innovantes qui ont été intégrées dans cette nouvelle version du framework. Parmi les changements les plus notables, nous pouvons citer l’amélioration du support des outils de build, tels que Webpack 5, qui promet une compilation plus rapide et une meilleure gestion du cache. De plus, Angular 12 marque le début de la fin pour le support de IE11, une décision qui permettra de se concentrer sur les technologies modernes et d’optimiser les performances.
Amélioration de la typographie : Angular 12 introduit des améliorations dans la gestion des types, rendant l’expérience de développement plus sûre et plus prédictible. Les développeurs bénéficieront d’une détection plus précise des erreurs potentielles lors de la compilation.API de formulaires stricts : Une nouvelle API de formulaires stricts a été mise en place, permettant une meilleure validation et un contrôle accru sur les réactions des formulaires aux données entrantes.Support de TypeScript 4.2 : Angular 12 est compatible avec la dernière version de TypeScript, offrant aux développeurs toutes les nouvelles fonctionnalités et améliorations du langage.Pour illustrer l’impact de ces nouveautés, voici un tableau comparatif des performances entre Angular 11 et Angular 12 lors de la compilation d’une application standard:
Version Temps de compilation (s) Taille du bundle (Mo) Angular 11 45 5.2 Angular 12 40 4.8
Ces données mettent en évidence les améliorations en termes de vitesse et d’efficacité, rendant Angular 12 un choix encore plus attrayant pour les projets de développement web modernes.
Avec la sortie d’Angular 12, les développeurs peuvent désormais bénéficier d’améliorations significatives en termes de performance. L’une des optimisations les plus notables est l’introduction de la nouvelle API de compilation et de rendu, Ivy, qui est désormais le moteur de rendu par défaut. Cette évolution permet une réduction de la taille des bundles grâce à une meilleure élimination des codes inutilisés et une compilation plus efficace. De plus, Ivy améliore le temps de démarrage des applications en accélérant le processus de rechargement à chaud (Hot Module Replacement – HMR), ce qui est une aubaine pour les développeurs lors du processus de développement.
En outre, Angular 12 a introduit plusieurs autres améliorations pour optimiser les performances des applications. Par exemple, le chargement paresseux des modules (Lazy Loading) avec les nouvelles routes dynamiques import() est maintenant plus simple et plus efficace, ce qui permet de charger les composants uniquement lorsque cela est nécessaire, réduisant ainsi le temps de chargement initial de l’application. Voici un tableau récapitulatif des améliorations clés :
Amélioration Impact API de compilation Ivy Réduction de la taille du bundle, élimination du code mort Rechargement à chaud (HMR) Amélioration du temps de développement Chargement paresseux avec import() Optimisation du chargement des modules
Ces améliorations, combinées à d’autres ajustements sous le capot, font d’Angular 12 un choix encore plus robuste pour les développeurs soucieux de la performance de leurs applications web.
L’intégration renforcée avec les outils de développement Avec la sortie d’Angular 12, les développeurs peuvent se réjouir d’une expérience améliorée grâce à une intégration plus poussée avec les outils de développement modernes. Cette version met l’accent sur la facilité d’utilisation et la productivité, avec des améliorations significatives qui simplifient le processus de développement.
Tout d’abord, Angular 12 offre une meilleure compatibilité avec les éditeurs de code et les IDEs les plus populaires. Par exemple, l’intégration avec Visual Studio Code a été optimisée grâce à une nouvelle extension qui fournit des fonctionnalités avancées de navigation dans le code et de refactorisation. De plus, les développeurs bénéficieront d’une intégration améliorée avec les outils de ligne de commande , tels que Angular CLI, qui propose désormais des options de configuration plus intuitives et des retours en temps réel sur la performance des applications.
Extension Angular Language Service pour Visual Studio Code Améliorations du Angular CLI avec des prompts interactifs Support accru pour les outils de build modernes comme Webpack 5 En outre, Angular 12 a renforcé son intégration avec les outils de test, permettant aux développeurs de créer des applications plus robustes. La prise en charge de Karma et Jasmine a été perfectionnée, et l’introduction de nouvelles fonctionnalités pour Protractor rend les tests end-to-end plus efficaces. Voici un tableau récapitulatif des améliorations apportées aux outils de test :
Outil de test Améliorations Karma Configuration simplifiée et meilleure intégration avec Angular CLI Jasmine Support de nouvelles assertions et meilleure lisibilité des rapports de test Protractor Optimisation des sélecteurs et des stratégies de localisation des éléments
Ces améliorations visent à rendre le développement avec Angular plus fluide et plus agréable, tout en renforçant la qualité et la fiabilité des applications créées.
Avec l’arrivée d’Angular 12, une série d’améliorations significatives a été apportée à la gestion des formulaires, rendant le développement plus intuitif et efficace. Parmi ces nouveautés, on note une optimisation de la validation des formulaires qui permet désormais une meilleure interaction avec les messages d’erreur et une réactivité accrue lors des saisies utilisateur. De plus, la simplification de la création de formulaires dynamiques est à souligner, offrant aux développeurs la possibilité de construire des interfaces utilisateur complexes avec moins d’effort.
Validation améliorée : Les développeurs peuvent maintenant profiter d’une API de validation plus puissante et flexible, permettant une personnalisation accrue des validations.Formulaires dynamiques : La création de champs de formulaire à la volée est grandement simplifiée, rendant la gestion des formulaires dynamiques moins contraignante et plus intuitive.En outre, la structure des formulaires a été repensée pour offrir une meilleure cohérence et maintenabilité du code. Voici un tableau illustrant la comparaison entre l’ancienne et la nouvelle structure de formulaire :
Angular 11 et versions antérieures Angular 12 Approche plus verbeuse pour la liaison de données Liaison de données simplifiée Validation personnalisée complexe API de validation étendue et facile à utiliser Construction manuelle des formulaires dynamiques Construction assistée et optimisée des formulaires dynamiques
Ces changements marquent une évolution significative dans la manière dont les formulaires sont gérés dans Angular, rendant le travail des développeurs plus agréable et moins sujet aux erreurs.
Nouvelles fonctionnalités pour le rendu côté serveur avec Angular Universal Avec la dernière mise à jour d’Angular, la version 12, les développeurs peuvent se réjouir de l’introduction de plusieurs améliorations significatives concernant Angular Universal, l’outil permettant le rendu côté serveur. Ces améliorations visent à optimiser les performances et à enrichir l’expérience utilisateur en accélérant le chargement des pages et en facilitant le référencement des applications Angular.
Tout d’abord, Angular Universal bénéficie désormais d’une intégration plus poussée avec le TransferState API , ce qui permet une transition fluide entre le serveur et le client. Les données requises pour le rendu initial de l’application sont transférées du serveur au client, réduisant ainsi les appels API redondants et améliorant les temps de chargement. Voici quelques-unes des améliorations clés :
Pré-chargement des états nécessaires pour le rendu initial côté client Optimisation de la synchronisation entre le serveur et le client Amélioration de la gestion du cache pour les données transférées En outre, Angular Universal introduit une nouvelle fonctionnalité de pré-rendu qui permet de générer des pages statiques lors de la construction de l’application. Cela signifie que les pages peuvent être servies instantanément aux utilisateurs, ce qui est particulièrement bénéfique pour le SEO et l’amélioration de la performance sur les appareils mobiles. Les développeurs peuvent également profiter de la configuration simplifiée pour le pré-rendu, ce qui rend cette puissante fonctionnalité plus accessible que jamais.
Pré-rendu Pages statiques générées à la construction Avantages Amélioration SEO, Performance mobile Configuration Simplifiée pour une meilleure accessibilité
Ces avancées dans Angular Universal avec la version 12 d’Angular marquent un pas important vers des applications web plus rapides et plus efficaces, offrant une meilleure expérience tant pour les développeurs que pour les utilisateurs finaux.
Sécurité et améliorations de la gestion des dépendances Avec la sortie d’Angular 12, l’accent a été mis sur la sécurisation et l’optimisation de la gestion des dépendances, un aspect crucial pour le développement d’applications robustes et sécurisées. Les développeurs peuvent désormais bénéficier d’une meilleure visibilité et contrôle sur les bibliothèques tierces intégrées à leurs projets.
Améliorations apportées :
Introduction de l’audit automatique des dépendances grâce à l’intégration de npm audit , permettant de détecter et de résoudre les vulnérabilités de sécurité. Mise à jour automatique des dépendances avec la commande ng update , qui propose désormais des suggestions plus précises et des corrections automatisées pour les versions obsolètes. En outre, Angular 12 a renforcé la gestion des dépendances en offrant une meilleure compatibilité avec les dernières versions des packages populaires. Cela réduit les risques de conflits et facilite la maintenance des applications.
Package Version précédente Nouvelle version RxJS 6.x 7.x Typescript 4.1 4.2 Zone.js 0.10.x 0.11.x
Ces mises à jour garantissent que les applications Angular restent à la pointe de la technologie, tout en conservant une base solide et sécurisée.
Conseils pratiques pour la migration vers Angular 12 Lorsque vous envisagez de passer à Angular 12, il est essentiel de prendre en compte quelques recommandations pour assurer une transition en douceur. Tout d’abord, vérifiez la compatibilité de vos dépendances. Angular 12 pourrait ne pas être compatible avec certaines bibliothèques tierces que vous utilisez actuellement. Créez une liste de vos dépendances et vérifiez si elles ont été mises à jour pour fonctionner avec Angular 12. Ensuite, assurez-vous de mettre à jour votre version de Node.js à la dernière version supportée pour éviter tout problème de compatibilité.
Examinez le changelog d’Angular 12 pour identifier les nouvelles fonctionnalités et les changements qui pourraient affecter votre application. Utilisez l’outil ng update pour automatiser la mise à jour de votre projet. Cet outil peut vous aider à résoudre automatiquement les problèmes de dépréciation et à appliquer les modifications nécessaires à votre code. Testez votre application de manière approfondie après la mise à jour. Les tests unitaires et d’intégration sont cruciaux pour s’assurer que tout fonctionne comme prévu. En outre, il est conseillé de se familiariser avec les nouvelles pratiques de développement introduites par Angular 12. Par exemple, l’adoption de l’API de composants Web pourrait être une étape importante pour améliorer la modularité et la réutilisabilité de vos composants. Voici un tableau récapitulatif des principales nouveautés à prendre en compte :
Fonctionnalité Description Impact Strict Mode Améliore la qualité du code en activant une vérification de type plus stricte. Augmente la robustesse de l’application. API de composants Web Permet la création de composants personnalisés qui sont compatibles avec les standards du Web. Améliore la portabilité et l’intégration avec d’autres frameworks. Améliorations du compilateur Ivy Optimisations de performance et de taille des bundles. Réduit les temps de chargement et améliore l’expérience utilisateur.
En suivant ces conseils et en vous tenant informé des dernières évolutions, vous serez bien préparé pour tirer parti des avantages d’Angular 12 et maintenir votre application à la pointe de la technologie.
FAQ Q : Quelles sont les nouveautés les plus excitantes d’Angular 12 ?
R : Angular 12 est arrivé avec son lot de nouveautés passionnantes ! Parmi elles, l’attention se porte sur l’amélioration du support des outils de développement comme le passage à Ivy partout, qui promet une meilleure compatibilité et des performances accrues. De plus, Angular 12 marque la dépréciation du support pour IE11, ouvrant la voie à des applications plus modernes et optimisées.
Q : Comment Angular 12 améliore-t-il le processus de développement ?
R : Angular 12 simplifie le processus de développement grâce à de nombreuses améliorations. Par exemple, le nouveau compilateur Ivy offre une réduction significative de la taille des bundles et améliore le temps de compilation. De plus, avec l’introduction de la prise en charge stricte par défaut dans les nouveaux projets, les développeurs bénéficient d’une aide supplémentaire pour écrire un code plus propre et plus sûr.
Q : Est-ce qu’Angular 12 a apporté des changements à la CLI ?
R : Absolument ! La CLI d’Angular 12 a été enrichie de nouvelles commandes et options. Par exemple, la commande ng build
supporte désormais l’option --inlineStyleLanguage
, qui permet de spécifier le langage de style par défaut pour les styles inline des composants. Cela offre plus de flexibilité et de personnalisation pour les développeurs.
Q : Angular 12 a-t-il introduit des changements en termes de style et de présentation ?
R : Oui, Angular 12 a introduit le support par défaut pour Tailwind CSS, un framework de style très populaire. Cela signifie que les développeurs peuvent maintenant intégrer facilement Tailwind dans leurs projets Angular, profitant ainsi de son approche utilitaire-first pour le design.
Q : Qu’en est-il de la sécurité dans Angular 12 ?
R : La sécurité est toujours une priorité pour Angular. Dans la version 12, Angular a renforcé la sécurité en introduisant des améliorations dans la manière dont les URLs sont traitées pour prévenir les attaques par injection. De plus, avec la mise à jour des dépendances internes, Angular assure une meilleure protection contre les vulnérabilités.
Q : Angular 12 supporte-t-il le format de sortie ES2020 ?
R : Oui, Angular 12 a introduit le support pour le format de sortie ES2020, ce qui permet aux développeurs de bénéficier des dernières fonctionnalités du langage JavaScript, tout en assurant une compatibilité avec les navigateurs modernes.
Q : Quelles sont les implications de la dépréciation d’IE11 pour les développeurs Angular ?
R : La dépréciation d’IE11 signifie que les développeurs peuvent désormais se concentrer sur l’utilisation de technologies web modernes sans se soucier de la compatibilité avec ce navigateur obsolète. Cela devrait conduire à des applications plus rapides, plus légères et plus conformes aux standards actuels du web.
Conclusions Alors que le rideau tombe sur notre exploration des nouveautés d’Angular 12, nous espérons que vous avez été captivés par les avancées et les améliorations que cette version apporte. Angular continue de se réinventer, offrant aux développeurs des outils toujours plus efficaces pour créer des applications web dynamiques et performantes. Que vous soyez un vétéran d’Angular ou un nouveau venu curieux, il est temps de mettre en pratique ces connaissances et de laisser libre cours à votre créativité. Embrassez les changements, expérimentez avec audace et construisez l’avenir du web, un composant à la fois. Au revoir et bon codage !
Irina Pakhomova
CMO at Smartbrain.io email: pakhomova@smartbrain.io facebook.com/smartbrain.io
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